{"id":2159,"date":"2013-06-24T13:31:35","date_gmt":"2013-06-24T13:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=2159"},"modified":"2013-06-24T19:30:58","modified_gmt":"2013-06-24T19:30:58","slug":"anr-blanc-funfit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=2159","title":{"rendered":"ANR Blanc: FunFit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
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The project FunFit coordinated by P. Frey has been selected by the ANR Blanc Committee<\/h4>\n

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Summary:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n
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Fungi are among the most frequent damaging agents of plants, in natural and managed ecosystems. In recent years, they have been identified as a major cause of emerging diseases in the context of global change, especially through the introduction of previously unknown species in new areas. Understanding this fast-moving epidemiological environment is a key issue and will require greater emphasis on integrative and predictive approaches. Though plant pathology has been increasingly integrating population genetics and genomics, an integrative ecological framework based on adaptive traits is still missing for fungal plant pathogens.<\/h4>\n

In the FUNFIT project, we aim to fill this gap by establishing a theoretical framework, including conceptual schemes and models, and by developing experimental work on three representative fungal forest pathogens from a trait-based perspective. The premise of FUNFIT is that characterizing life history traits of fungal forest pathogens, including their variation, plasticity, trade-offs and evolution, will give us better insights into: (i) what makes a fungal pathogen successful, which is a very complementary approach to genomic studies of the determinants of pathogenicity; (ii) population and community dynamics of pathogens, hence ultimately plant disease dynamics and impacts in natural ecosystems.<\/h4>\n

FUNFIT encompasses concepts and methods from evolutionary biology, epidemiology and ecology, with strong interactions between modelling and biological studies. It is based on three main tasks, using a trait-based approach at different levels of biological organization: Task 1 – linking disease associated traits and fitness in fungal forest pathogens (individual level); Task 2 – studying the evolution of traits during colonisation\/emergence processes (population level); and Task 3 – unravelling how a complex of cryptic species\/lineages maintains although they share the same spatial niche. All tasks combine theoretical (including modelling) and empirical (experiments and data analysis) approaches in order to enrich a conceptual framework and to test hypotheses using several representative fungal pathogens of forest trees.<\/h4>\n

Finally, results are expected to (i) contribute to deeper academic knowledge of the ecology of fungi, which constitute a major part of terrestrial biodiversity, and (ii) help knowledge-based management of plant diseases, including pest risk analysis, selection of durable resistance, and biological control. The FUNFIT project will lead to a significant step forward in the understanding of plant epidemics. It will have major implications in our understanding of how fungi grow, survive and evolve in the ever-changing environmental conditions and how this knowledge can be exploited to reduce fungal infestation and destruction of crops.<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Les champignons sont des agents pathog\u00e8nes majeurs pour les plantes, dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels et anthropis\u00e9s. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s comme une cause majeure de maladies \u00e9mergentes dans le contexte du changement global, notamment \u00e0 travers l\u2019introduction d\u2019esp\u00e8ces jusque-l\u00e0 inconnues dans de nouvelles r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

La compr\u00e9hension de cet environnement \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique en \u00e9volution rapide est un enjeu majeur qui n\u00e9cessite le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019approches int\u00e9gratives et pr\u00e9dictives. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la phytopathologie a largement b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 des apports de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des populations et de la g\u00e9nomique. Toutefois un cadre conceptuel bas\u00e9 sur la notion de traits adaptatifs dans une perspective \u00e9cologique reste \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper pour les champignons phytopathog\u00e8nes.
\nLe projet FUNFIT a pour ambition d\u2019apporter une contribution dans ce domaine en construisant un cadre th\u00e9orique focalis\u00e9 sur les traits d\u2019histoire de vie, incluant sch\u00e9mas conceptuels et mod\u00e8les, et en s\u2019appuyant sur un travail exp\u00e9rimental portant sur quelques esp\u00e8ces repr\u00e9sentatives de champignons pathog\u00e8nes forestiers. Le projet FUNFIT repose sur le postulat que la caract\u00e9risation de traits d\u2019histoire de vie chez les champignons phytopathog\u00e8nes, y compris leur variation, leur plasticit\u00e9, leurs compromis \u00e9volutifs et leur \u00e9volution nous permettra de mieux cerner : (i) ce qui fait le succ\u00e8s \u00e9volutif d\u2019un champignon pathog\u00e8ne, avec une approche tr\u00e8s compl\u00e9mentaire des travaux actuels sur les d\u00e9terminants mol\u00e9culaires de la pathog\u00e9nicit\u00e9 ; (ii) la dynamique des populations et des communaut\u00e9s de champignons pathog\u00e8nes, et donc l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie des maladies des plantes et l\u2019impact des maladies dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes naturels.
\nLe projet FUNFIT int\u00e8gre les concepts et les m\u00e9thodes de la biologie \u00e9volutive, de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et de l\u2019\u00e9cologie, avec des interactions fortes entre la mod\u00e9lisation et les \u00e9tudes biologiques. Le projet est construit autour de trois grandes t\u00e2ches d\u00e9finies par les types d\u2019approches et le niveau d\u2019organisation biologique consid\u00e9r\u00e9 : T\u00e2che 1 – Lier les traits associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la maladie (latence, croissance myc\u00e9lienne in planta, sporulation) avec la fitness chez les champignons phytopathog\u00e8nes (au niveau individuel); T\u00e2che 2 – Etudier l\u2019\u00e9volution des traits au cours d\u2019un processus de colonisation ou d\u2019\u00e9mergence (au niveau populationnel) ; T\u00e2che 3 – Comprendre la coexistence spatiale d\u2019esp\u00e8ces qui partagent la m\u00eame niche (r\u00e9solution de complexe d\u2019esp\u00e8ces ou de lign\u00e9es cryptiques, au niveau intra ou intersp\u00e9cifique). Chaque t\u00e2che m\u00eale intimement mod\u00e9lisation et exp\u00e9rimentation afin de mieux tester les hypoth\u00e8ses biologiques et d\u2019enrichir et valider le cadre conceptuel propos\u00e9.
\nL\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9sultats acquis fournira : (i) une contribution significative \u00e0 la connaissance de l\u2019\u00e9cologie des champignons, qui constituent la majeure partie de la biodiversit\u00e9 terrestre ; (ii) des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pour une gestion des maladies fond\u00e9e sur la connaissance, incluant l\u2019analyse des risques phytosanitaires, la s\u00e9lection de r\u00e9sistances durables, et la lutte biologique. Le projet FUNFIT constituera une contribution importante dans la compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale. Il contribuera \u00e0 notre compr\u00e9hension de la fa\u00e7on dont champignons se d\u00e9veloppent et \u00e9voluent dans les conditions changeantes de l’environnement et comment cette connaissance peut \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact des maladies sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes cultiv\u00e9s ou naturels.<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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The project FunFit coordinated by P. Frey has been selected by the ANR Blanc Committee Summary: Fungi are among the most frequent damaging agents of plants, in natural and managed ecosystems. In recent years, they have been identified as a … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internal-information"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2159\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}