{"id":2599,"date":"2013-10-08T06:56:19","date_gmt":"2013-10-08T06:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=2599"},"modified":"2013-10-08T06:59:42","modified_gmt":"2013-10-08T06:59:42","slug":"phd-defense-a-thuillier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=2599","title":{"rendered":"PhD Defense: A. Thuillier"},"content":{"rendered":"

The defense will be held the\u00a031th october 2013<\/strong>\u00a0at\u00a09H00<\/strong>\u00a0in\u00a0Amphitheater 7,<\/strong>\u00a0Facult\u00e9 des Sciences<\/strong>, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre<\/p>\n

Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Phanerochaete chrysosporium <\/i>is a forest fungus being part of saprophytic organisms able to recycle dead organic matter. Thanks to the excretion of numerous wood decaying enzymes, and especially lignin peroxidases, this fungus is able to break down plant material including lignin, a complex polymer of phenolic compounds. Lignin removal allows the release of other wood components such as cellulose and hemicellulose, which can be further used in paper industry or to produce second generation bioethanol. The structure of intermediates and products from lignin decomposition is close to that of numerous pollutants making P. chrysosporium <\/i>biotechnologically interesting for bioremediation purposes. Moreover, the fungus has to deal with more or less toxic compounds created by degradation mechanisms. It thus developed a detoxification pathway involving enzymes including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione transferases (GST). Ure2p enzymes belong to an extended GST class in Phanerochaete <\/i>genus as well as in other saprophytic basidiomycetes. Their study based on phylogenetic, biochemical, structural and transcriptomic approaches provides a better understanding of evolution mechanisms of a class of enzymes potentially subject to strong selection selection pressure.<\/p>\n

Keywords: saprophytic fungi, wood degradation, glutathione transferases, xenobiotics, detoxification, evolution<\/p>\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Phanerochaete chrysosporium <\/i>est un champignon forestier faisant partie des organismes saprophytes capables de recycler la mati\u00e8re organique morte. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019excr\u00e9tion de nombreuses enzymes de d\u00e9gradation, en particulier des lignine peroxydases, il est capable de d\u00e9composer la mati\u00e8re v\u00e9g\u00e9tale dont la lignine, un polym\u00e8re complexe de compos\u00e9s ph\u00e9noliques tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistant. L\u2019\u00e9limination de la lignine permet la lib\u00e9ration des autres composants du bois tels que la cellulose et l\u2019h\u00e9micellulose qui peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s dans l\u2019industrie papeti\u00e8re ou pour la production de bio\u00e9thanol de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. La structure des interm\u00e9diaires et produits de d\u00e9gradation de la lignine est souvent proche de celle de nombreux polluants, d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat biotechnologique de P. chrysosporium <\/i>dans les processus de biorem\u00e9diation. Cependant, les syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9gradation engendrent des compos\u00e9s plus ou moins toxiques pour le champignon et contre lesquels il doit faire face. C\u2019est pourquoi il a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9toxication impliquant des enzymes telles que les cytochrome P450 monooxyg\u00e9nases ou encore les glutathion transf\u00e9rases (GST). Les Ure2p forment une classe de GST \u00e9tendue chez Phanerochaete <\/i>et d\u2019autres basidiomyc\u00e8tes saprophytes. Leur \u00e9tude par des approches phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, biochimiques, structurales et transcriptomiques a permis de mieux comprendre les m\u00e9canismes d\u2019\u00e9volution que peut subir une classe d\u2019enzymes potentiellement soumises \u00e0 une forte pression de s\u00e9lection.<\/p>\n

Mots cl\u00e9s :<\/b> champignons saprophytes, d\u00e9gradation du bois, glutathion transf\u00e9rases, x\u00e9nobiotiques, d\u00e9toxication, evolution<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The defense will be held the\u00a031th october 2013\u00a0at\u00a09H00\u00a0in\u00a0Amphitheater 7,\u00a0Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre Abstract: Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a forest fungus being part of saprophytic organisms able to recycle dead organic matter. Thanks to the excretion of numerous wood … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-seminarmeeting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2599\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}