{"id":5645,"date":"2015-11-24T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2015-11-24T20:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=5645"},"modified":"2015-12-14T15:46:13","modified_gmt":"2015-12-14T15:46:13","slug":"phd-defense-e-akroume","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=5645","title":{"rendered":"PhD Defense: Emila Akroume"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Emila3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

“\u00c9laboration d’un dispositif exp\u00e9rimental\u00a0 de manipulations de mati\u00e8re organique sur le long terme en for\u00eat temp\u00e9r\u00e9e et \u00e9valuation des impacts \u00e0 tr\u00e8s court terme des exportations sur le sol.”\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

La soutenance aura lieu le vendredi 11 d\u00e9cembre 2015 \u00e0 13h30<\/strong> dans la salle de conf\u00e9rence du centre INRA de Champenoux. Vous serez toutes et tous les bienvenus au pot qui suivra la soutenance.<\/p>\n

Composition du jury:<\/strong>
\nM. Jean-Paul LACLAU, DR, UMR Eco & Sol, CIRAD Montpellier,\u00a0Rapporteur
\nMme Ana RINC\u00d3N, Chercheur senior, Departamento de protecci\u00f3n vegetal, ICA-CSIC Madrid,Rapporteur
\nM. Lauric CECILLON, CR, UR EMGR, IRSTEA Grenoble, Examinateur
\nMme Christine DELEUZE, Charg\u00e9e de R&D, ONF RDI, P\u00f4le de D\u00f4le, Examinateur
\nM. Eric GELHAYE, Pr, UMR IAM, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine,\u00a0Examinateur
\nM. Marc BUEE, DR, UMR IAM, INRA Nancy, Directeur de th\u00e8se
\nM. Laurent SAINT-ANDRE, DR, UR BEF, INRA Nancy, Directeur de th\u00e8se
\nM. Bernhard ZELLER, IR, UR BEF, INRA Nancy, Directeur de th\u00e8se<\/p>\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9manents de coupe constituent une ressource non exploit\u00e9e potentiellement utilisable \u00e0 des fins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, mais aussi un compartiment essentiel pour la fertilit\u00e9 et la biodiversit\u00e9 des sols forestiers. Des \u00e9tudes en zones tropicales ou bor\u00e9ales prouvent les impacts n\u00e9gatifs de telles pratiques sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. Le r\u00e9seau Mati\u00e8res Organiques des Sols (MOS) a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 afin d\u2019\u00e9valuer les effets \u00e0 court et long terme des manipulations de mati\u00e8re organique sur les peuplements forestiers temp\u00e9r\u00e9s.Cette th\u00e8se a deux objectifs : i) \u00e9laborer la m\u00e9thodologie n\u00e9cessaire pour caract\u00e9riser la variabilit\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes puis mettre en \u0153uvre le dispositif exp\u00e9rimental national de manipulations de mati\u00e8re organique en tenant compte de cette variabilit\u00e9 et ii) d\u00e9crire les impacts \u00e0 tr\u00e8s court terme des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements de biomasse sur le fonctionnement des sols forestiers. Ce second objectif s’articule en deux volets: une premi\u00e8re partie vise \u00e0 \u00e9valuer l\u2019impact de ces pratiques sylvicoles sur l’\u00e9quilibre des cycles biog\u00e9ochimiques et la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s fongiques du sol in situ. Une seconde \u00e9chelle d\u2019\u00e9tude, en conditions contr\u00f4l\u00e9es, concerne le d\u00e9cryptage des interactions trophiques entre l’arbre, les champignons ectomycorhiziens associ\u00e9s, et les champignons lignivores au cours de la d\u00e9gradation du bois. Ce premier suivi des sites du r\u00e9seau MOS nous renseigne sur la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 tr\u00e8s court terme des sols forestiers en zone temp\u00e9r\u00e9e. L\u2019absence de tendance claire confirme une pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre des cycles sur un faible laps de temps mais permet de d\u00e9gager des indicateurs fonctionnels qui semblent r\u00e9pondre rapidement aux perturbations. Un suivi annuel consolidera ces observations sur l\u2019ensemble du dispositif MOS, incluant les indicateurs biologiques qui pourront \u00eatre mis en \u00e9vidence sur les communaut\u00e9s fongiques.<\/p>\n

Abstract \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Logging residues represent a non-exploited supply which could be used for energetic purpose, but they are also a relevant compartment for forest soil fertility and biodiversity. Some studies in tropical and boreal context have highlighted the negative impacts of these practices on the forest ecosystems. The MOS network has been set up to evaluate the effects of organic matters manipulations on temperate forest stands at short and long term.This thesis has two objectives: i) to set up the methodology necessary to characterized the ecosystems\u2019 variability and then, to implement the national experimental design of organic matter manipulation by taking into account this variability and ii) to describe the very short terms impacts of organic matter removal on the forest soil cycling. This second aim is organized into two axes: a first part evaluates the impacts of these sylvicultural practices on the biogeochemical cycles and the diversity of fungal communities. A second study ! scale, in controlled conditions, deals with the understanding of the trophic interactions between trees, ectomycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophic fungi during the wood decaying process.The absence of clear trend confirms the persistence in the soil functioning at very short term. This first monitoring permitted to identify some functional indicators. A regular monitoring will strengthen these observations by introducing some biological indicators on fungal communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“\u00c9laboration d’un dispositif exp\u00e9rimental\u00a0 de manipulations de mati\u00e8re organique sur le long terme en for\u00eat temp\u00e9r\u00e9e et \u00e9valuation des impacts \u00e0 tr\u00e8s court terme des exportations sur le sol.”\u00a0 La soutenance aura lieu le vendredi 11 d\u00e9cembre 2015 \u00e0 13h30 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-seminarmeeting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5645\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}