{"id":9040,"date":"2018-06-25T06:22:08","date_gmt":"2018-06-25T06:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=9040"},"modified":"2018-06-25T06:22:08","modified_gmt":"2018-06-25T06:22:08","slug":"article-nature-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=9040","title":{"rendered":"Article: Nature Plants"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"gsc_a_at\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3\" data-href=\"\/citations?view_op=view_citation&amp;hl=fr&amp;user=u0KB0xMAAAAJ&amp;sortby=pubdate&amp;citation_for_view=u0KB0xMAAAAJ:foquWX3nUaYC\">Oak genome reveals facets of long lifespan\u00a0<\/a>C Plomion, JM Aury, J Amselem, T Leroy, F Murat, S Duplessis, S Faye, &#8230;Nature Plants, 1<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Abs1\" class=\"js-section-title section-title strong position-relative tighten-line-height background-gray-light pt20 pb6 pl0 pr20 standard-space-below small-space-above mq640-pt10 mq640-pb10 mq640-pl20 mq640-mt0 extend-left\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abstract<\/h2>\n<div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"pl20 mq875-pl0 js-collapsible-section\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oaks are an important part of our natural and cultural heritage. Not only are they ubiquitous in our most common landscapes<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d2654e1514\" title=\"Camus, A. Les Ch\u00eanes: Monographie du Genre Quercus et Monographie du Genre Lithocarpus (P. Lechevalier, Paris, 1954).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup> but they have also supplied human societies with invaluable services, including food and shelter, since prehistoric times<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d2654e1518\" title=\"Logan, W. B. Oak: The Frame of Civilization (W. W. Norton &amp; Company, New York, 2005).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3#ref-CR2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup>. With 450 species spread throughout Asia, Europe and America<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d2654e1522\" title=\"Manos, P. S. &amp; Stanford, A. M. The historical biogeography of Fagaceae: tracking the tertiary history of temperate and subtropical forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Int. J. Plant Sci. 162, S77\u2013S93 (2001).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3#ref-CR3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup>, oaks constitute a critical global renewable resource. The longevity of oaks (several hundred years) probably underlies their emblematic cultural and historical importance. Such long-lived sessile organisms must persist in the face of a wide range of abiotic and biotic threats over their lifespans. We investigated the genomic features associated with such a long lifespan by sequencing, assembling and annotating the oak genome. We then used the growing number of whole-genome sequences for plants (including tree and herbaceous species) to investigate the parallel evolution of genomic characteristics potentially underpinning tree longevity. A further consequence of the long lifespan of trees is their accumulation of somatic mutations during mitotic divisions of stem cells present in the shoot apical meristems. Empirical<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d2654e1526\" title=\"Whitham, T. G. &amp; Slobodchikoff, C. N. Evolution by individuals, plant\u2013herbivore interactions, and mosaics of genetic variability: the adaptive significance of somatic mutations in plants. Oecologia 49, 287\u2013292 (1981).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3#ref-CR4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> and modelling<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d2654e1530\" title=\"Folse, H. J. &amp; Roughgarden, J. Direct benefits of genetic mosaicism and intraorganismal selection: modeling coevolution between a long-lived tree and a short-lived herbivore. Evolution 66, 1091\u20131113 (2012).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3#ref-CR5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> approaches have shown that intra-organismal genetic heterogeneity can be selected for<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d2654e1535\" title=\"Pineda-Krch, M. &amp; Fagerstr\u00f6m, T. On the potential for evolutionary change in meristematic cell lineages through intraorganismal selection. J. Evol. Biol. 12, 681\u2013688 (1999).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3#ref-CR6\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup>and provides direct fitness benefits in the arms race with short-lived pests and pathogens through a patchwork of intra-organismal phenotypes<sup><a id=\"ref-link-section-d2654e1539\" title=\"Padovan, A. et al. Transcriptome sequencing of two phenotypic mosaic Eucalyptus trees reveals large scaletranscriptome re-modelling. PLoS ONE 10, e0123226 (2015).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0172-3#ref-CR7\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-test=\"citation-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup>. However, there is no clear proof that large-statured trees consist of a genetic mosaic of clonally distinct cell lineages within and between branches. Through this case study of oak, we demonstrate the accumulation and transmission of somatic mutations and the expansion of disease-resistance gene families in trees.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oak genome reveals facets of long lifespan\u00a0C Plomion, JM Aury, J Amselem, T Leroy, F Murat, S Duplessis, S Faye, &#8230;Nature Plants, 1 Abstract Oaks are an important part of our natural and cultural heritage. Not only are they ubiquitous &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=9040\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-academic-productions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9040"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9040\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}