{"id":9128,"date":"2018-09-04T07:33:25","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T07:33:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=9128"},"modified":"2018-10-19T15:30:17","modified_gmt":"2018-10-19T15:30:17","slug":"phd-defense-t-perrot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=9128","title":{"rendered":"PhD Defense : T. Perrot"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Thomas Perrot\u00a0soutiendra publiquement ses travaux de th\u00e8se portant sur :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>La diversit\u00e9 fonctionnelle des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9toxication chez les champignons lignolytiques<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Dirig\u00e9s par Eric Gelhaye et M\u00e9lanie Morel-Rouhier\u00a0le 26 septembre\u00a0\u00e0 14h00\u00a0Amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre 7,\u00a0Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies,\u00a0Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les champignons d\u00e9composeurs du bois jouent un r\u00f4le important dans le cycle du carbone en participant notamment au recyclage de la mati\u00e8re organique. Outre leur aptitude \u00e0 min\u00e9raliser la biomasse lignocellulosique, ces organismes ont la capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9grader des mol\u00e9cules potentiellement toxiques lib\u00e9r\u00e9es lors de ce processus. Leur syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9toxication comprend diff\u00e9rentes familles multig\u00e9niques dont les glutathion transf\u00e9rases. Ces enzymes ubiquitaires, sont regroup\u00e9es en diff\u00e9rentes classes dans le r\u00e8gne fongique, certaines d\u2019entre elles \u00e9tant \u00e9tendues chez ces champignons. Dans ce contexte, l\u2019objectif principal de cette th\u00e8se consistait \u00e0 appr\u00e9hender les fonctions des glutathion transf\u00e9rases de la classe Omega (GSTOs) \u00e9tendue chez <em>Trametes versicolor<\/em>, un champignon de pourriture blanche. Une approche biochimique et structurale a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e sur neuf prot\u00e9ines produites de fa\u00e7on recombinante. Dans un premier temps, une caract\u00e9risation enzymatique de ces isoformes a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019aide de substrats synth\u00e9tiques montrant une similarit\u00e9 des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s catalytiques. Puis, \u00e0 partir d\u2019une banque de mol\u00e9cules pures et de m\u00e9langes complexes issus de diff\u00e9rentes essences foresti\u00e8res, une m\u00e9thode de screening \u00e0 haut d\u00e9bit a permis d\u2019identifier des ligands potentiels de ces enzymes. La r\u00e9solution de la structure tridimensionnelle de trois isoformes a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tat homodim\u00e9rique de ces prot\u00e9ines et l\u2019implication de deux sites de fixation dans la reconnaissance de ces ligands\u00a0: le site H (pr\u00e9sent dans chaque monom\u00e8re) et le site L (\u00e0 l\u2019interface du dim\u00e8re). Par exemple, l\u2019isoforme TvGSTO3S est capable de fixer dans son site H plusieurs hydroxybenzoph\u00e9nones, mais \u00e9galement un flavono\u00efde, la dihydrowogonine. Dans ce dernier cas, cette interaction avec un ligand naturel issu d\u2019extraits de bois de merisier a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 par une approche de cristallographie d\u2019affinit\u00e9. D\u2019autre part, des exp\u00e9riences de co-cristallisation ont permis de d\u00e9tecter deux mol\u00e9cules d\u2019un autre flavono\u00efde, la naring\u00e9nine, dans le site L de l\u2019isoforme TvGSTO6S. Enfin, une interaction sp\u00e9cifique impliquant les sites H et L de l\u2019isoforme TvGSTO2S a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e avec l\u2019oxyresv\u00e9ratrol. L\u2019analyse structurale a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les deux configurations du stilb\u00e8ne \u00e9taient li\u00e9es \u00e0 la prot\u00e9ine\u00a0: la configuration <em>trans<\/em>dans le site H et la configuration <em>cis<\/em>dans le site L. Ainsi, malgr\u00e9 une redondance fonctionnelle partielle, ces recherches ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 l\u2019existence d\u2019un spectre d\u2019interactions sp\u00e9cifiques pour chaque isoforme test\u00e9e. Le caract\u00e8re \u00e9tendu de la classe Omega indiquerait que ces enzymes seraient impliqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019adaptation du champignon \u00e0 son environnement. En effet, les ligands identifi\u00e9s au cours de ces travaux sugg\u00e8rent que les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0ligandines\u00a0\u00bb des TvGSTOs joueraient un r\u00f4le dans la d\u00e9toxication des produits issus de d\u00e9gradation du bois.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wood decaying fungi play an important role in the carbon cycle by participating in the recycling of organic matter. In addition to their ability to mineralize lignocellulosic biomass, these organisms have the ability to degrade potentially toxic molecules released during this process. Their detoxification system involves several multigenic families including glutathione transferases. These ubiquitous enzymes are grouped into several classes in the fungal kingdom, some of them are widespread in these fungi. In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to understand the functions of glutathione transferases of the Omega class (GSTOs) extended in <em>Trametes versicolor<\/em>, a white rot fungus. A biochemical and structural approach was led using nine recombinant proteins. Firstly, enzymatic characterization of these isoforms was performed using synthetic substrates, the obtained results demonstrating a similarity of catalytic properties. Then, using a library of pure molecules and another one of complex mixtures from different forest species, a high throughput screening method was applied to identify potential ligands for these enzymes. The resolution of the three-dimensional structure of three isoforms demonstrated the homodimeric state of these proteins and the involvement of two binding sites in the recognition of these ligands: the H site (present in each monomer) and the L site (at the dimer interface). For example, the isoform TvGSTO3S is able to bind several hydroxybenzophenones in its H site, but also a flavonoid, dihydrowogonin. In this case, this interaction with a natural ligand derived from wild-cherry tree extract was demonstrated by an affinity crystallography approach. On the other hand, co-crystallization experiments detected two molecules of another flavonoid, naringenin, in the L site of the isoform TvGSTO6S. Finally, a specific interaction involving the H and L sites of the isoform TvGSTO2S was demonstrated with oxyresveratrol. Structural analysis revealed that the presence of \u00a0both configurations of the stilbene in the protein: the <em>trans<\/em>configuration in the H site and the <em>cis<\/em>configuration in the L site. Thus, despite partial functional redundancy, this research demonstrated the existence of a specific pattern of interactions for each tested isoform. The expansion of the Omega class could indicate that these enzymes are involved in the adaptation of the fungus in its environment. Indeed, the ligands identified during this work suggest that the &#8220;ligandin&#8221; properties of TvGSTOs play a role in detoxifying wood degradation products.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thomas Perrot\u00a0soutiendra publiquement ses travaux de th\u00e8se portant sur : La diversit\u00e9 fonctionnelle des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9toxication chez les champignons lignolytiques \u00a0Dirig\u00e9s par Eric Gelhaye et M\u00e9lanie Morel-Rouhier\u00a0le 26 septembre\u00a0\u00e0 14h00\u00a0Amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre 7,\u00a0Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies,\u00a0Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy &nbsp; R\u00e9sum\u00e9\u00a0: Les champignons &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/?p=9128\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-seminarmeeting","category-thesis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9128\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mycor.iam.inrae.fr\/IAM\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}