Name: | TEISSIER Corinne |
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Statut: | Administrative assistant – Stress response and redox regulation team | |
Email address: | corinne.teissier@univ-lorraine.fr |
Monthly Archives: October 2018
Article: Antioxidants
Mitochondrial Arabidopsis thaliana TRXo Isoforms Bind an Iron–Sulfur Cluster and Reduce NFU Proteins In Vitro. F Zannini, T Roret, J Przybyla-Toscano, T Dhalleine, N Rouhier, …Antioxidants 7 (10), 14
Abstract:
In plants, the mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) system generally comprises only one or two isoforms belonging to the TRX h or o classes, being less well developed compared to the numerous isoforms found in chloroplasts. Unlike most other plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana possesses two TRXo isoforms whose physiological functions remain unclear. Here, we performed a structure–function analysis to unravel the respective properties of the duplicated TRXo1 and TRXo2 isoforms. Surprisingly, when expressed in Escherichia coli, both recombinant proteins existed in an apo-monomeric form and in a homodimeric iron–sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-bridged form. In TRXo2, the [4Fe-4S] cluster is likely ligated in by the usual catalytic cysteines present in the conserved Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys signature. Solving the three-dimensional structure of both TRXo apo-forms pointed to marked differences in the surface charge distribution, notably in some area usually participating to protein–protein interactions with partners. However, we could not detect a difference in their capacity to reduce nitrogen-fixation-subunit-U (NFU)-like proteins, NFU4 or NFU5, two proteins participating in the maturation of certain mitochondrial Fe-S proteins and previously isolated as putative TRXo1 partners. Altogether, these results suggest that a novel regulation mechanism may prevail for mitochondrial TRXs o, possibly existing as a redox-inactive Fe-S cluster-bound form that could be rapidly converted in a redox-active form upon cluster degradation in specific physiological conditions.
PhD Defense : François Maillard
François Maillard soutiendra publiquement ses travaux de thèse portant sur :Le rôle des communautés microbiennes dans la dégradation de la matière organique en forêt dans un contexte d’exportation intense de biomasseDirigés par Marc Buée et Dominique Gérant le 26 octobre à 9h00
Salle de conférence
Centre INRA Grand Est – Nancy
ChampenouxJuryPatricia Luis, Maître de Conférences, Université de Lyon (Rapporteur)
François Buscot, Prof. Dr., Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (Rapporteur)
Daniel Epron, Professeur des Universités, Université de Lorraine (Examinateur)
François Rineau, Prof. Dr., University of Hasselt (Examinateur)
Résumé :
En Europe, le bois est la première source d’énergie renouvelable. La transition énergétique se traduit par une intensification de l’exploitation des forêts. L’effet de ces pratiques sylvicoles sur les communautés microbiennes du sol est encore peu étudié. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai évalué les conséquences d’une manipulation artificielle de matière organique en forêt tempérée sur la diversité fonctionnelle et taxonomique des communautés bactériennes et fongiques telluriques dans six sites expérimentaux (réseau expérimental MOS). Parallèlement, une caractérisation fonctionnelle des communautés microbiennes a également été réalisée dans un contexte proche des réalités de l’intensification des pratiques sylvicoles sous climat tropical en plantation d’Eucalyptus. Si certains descripteurs fonctionnels de la dégradation de la matière organique sont particulièrement informatifs, les activités microbiennes de dégradation de la chitine, polymère azoté des arthropodes et champignons, sont apparues très sensibles au retrait de matière organique. C’est pourquoi, par des approches de génomiques comparatives, nous avons cherché à estimer le potentiel chitinolytique des différentes guildes fongiques des sols. En conditions contrôlées, nous avons ensuite quantifié les capacités potentielles de mobilisation et de transfert du carbone et de l’azote, à partir d’une matière organique microbienne riche en chitine, par un champignon ectomycorhizien en symbiose avec son hôte. Enfin, la généricité des fonctions chitinolytiques d’un plus large spectre d’espèces fongiques ectomycorhiziennes a été évaluée par le couplage d’approches enzymatiques et isotopiques. L’ensemble de nos résultats met en lumière le rôle significatif des champignons ectomycorhiziens dans la mobilisation du carbone et de l’azote à partir de certaines formes de matière organique, et la nécessité de prendre en compte le compartiment microbien dans les études d’impact des pratiques sylvicoles.
Abstract:One of the main usages of wood in Europe is renewable energy supply that implies intensification of forest management to respond to this increasing demand. However, the impact of intense forestry practices on soil microbial communities remains poorly investigated. In the frame of my PhD thesis, I evaluated effects of artificial organic matter removal on functional and taxonomical diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities in temperate forest, using six experimental sites across France (INRA MOS experimental network). In parallel, I also characterised impact of intensified forest management practices on functional microbial communities in tropical plantation of Eucalyptus trees. This work permitted to identify several sensitive functional indicators of organic matter degradation. Notably, the degradation of chitin – a nitrogen polymer main component of arthropods and fungal cell walls – was revealed to be particularly sensitive to organic matter removal. Genomics and enzymatic approaches were then used to estimate chitinolytic potentials of the different genera of soil fungi. In controlled conditions, we were able to quantify ectomycorrhizal fungus carbon and nitrogen mobilisation and transfer capacities from chitin enriched organic matter to its host during symbiotic interaction. Finally, we evaluated chitinolytic functions of ectomycorrhizal fungi at large scale by combining enzymatic and isotopic approaches. Taken together, the results acquired in the frame of my PhD thesis, illustrate the significant role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in carbon and nitrogen mobilisation from organic matter. We particularly highlight that microbial compartment in soil must be considered in studies of forest management practices.
Seminar: F. Rineau
Article: Foret-Entreprise
Phytophthora ramorum, first record on Japanese larch in France. M Goudet, C Husson, FX Saintonge, X Grenié, L Roche. Forêt-Entreprise, 62-65
Abstract : In 2017, the first case of Phytophthora ramorum in the wild was identified on larch (Larix kaempferi) in Brittany, France. This paper reports the active surveillance of the household by the Department of Forest Health.
Article: Environmental microbiology
First evidences that the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus mobilizes nitrogen and carbon from saprotrophic fungus necromass E Akroume, F Maillard, C Bach, C Hossann, C Brechet, N Angeli, B Zeller, … Environmental microbiology
Summary
Fungal succession in rotting wood shows a surprising abundance of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi during the late decomposition stages. To better understand the links between EM fungi and saprotrophic fungi, we investigated the potential capacities of the EM fungus Paxillus involutus to mobilize nutrients from necromass of Postia placenta, a wood rot fungus, and to transfer these elements to its host tree. In this aim, we used pure cultures of P. involutus in the presence of labelled Postia necromass (15N/13C) as nutrient source, and a monoxenic mycorrhized pine experiment also, composed of labelled Postianecromass and P. involutus culture in interaction with pine seedlings. The isotopic labelling was measured in both experiments. In pure culture, P. involutus was able to mobilize N, but C as well, from the Postia necromass. In the symbiotic interaction experiment, we measured high 15N enrichments in all plant and fungal compartments. Interestingly, 13C remains mainly in the mycelium and mycorrhizas, demonstrating that the EM fungus transferred essentially N from the necromass to the tree. These observations reveal that fungal organic matter could represent a significant N source for EM fungi and trees, but also a C source for mycorrhizal fungi, including in symbiotic lifestyle.
New PhD student: Laura Picard
Name | PICARD Laura laura.picard@hotmail.fr |
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Team | Ecogenomics of interactions team | |
Supervisors | S. Uroz / MP. Turpault | |
Subject of thesis | Genomics and ecology of mineral weathering bacteria in forest soil | |
Period | 10/2018 – 09/2021 |
New ATER: Julien Renou
Name | RENOU Julien julien.renou@univ-lorraine.fr |
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Team | Stress response and redox regulation team | |
Supervisor | R. Sormani | |
Subject | Microscopic analysis of protein localization and interactions | |
Period | 10/2018 – 08/2019 |
New post-doctoral researcher
Name | PERROT Thomas thomas.perrot@univ-lorraine.fr |
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Team | Stress response and redox regulation team | |
Supervisor | E. Gelhaye | |
Subject | Valorization of fungal molecules | |
Period | 10/2018 – 12/2018 |
Article: Scientific reports
A rust fungal effector binds plant DNA and modulates transcription MB Ahmed, KCG dos Santos, IB Sanchez, B Petre, C Lorrain, MB Plourde, … Scientific Reports 8 (1), 14718
Abstract
The basidiomycete Melampsora larici-populina causes poplar rust disease by invading leaf tissues and secreting effector proteins through specialized infection structures known as haustoria. The mechanisms by which rust effectors promote pathogen virulence are poorly understood. The present study characterized Mlp124478, a candidate effector of M. larici-populina. We used the models Arabidopsis thalianaand Nicotiana benthamiana to investigate the function of Mlp124478 in plant cells. We established that Mlp124478 accumulates in the nucleus and nucleolus, however its nucleolar accumulation is not required to promote growth of the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Stable constitutive expression of Mlp124478 in A. thalianarepressed the expression of genes involved in immune responses, and also altered leaf morphology by increasing the waviness of rosette leaves. Chip-PCR experiments showed that Mlp124478 associats’e with the TGA1a-binding DNA sequence. Our results suggest that Mlp124478 exerts a virulence activity and binds the TGA1a promoter to suppress genes induced in response to pathogen infection.