Barry Goodell will give a seminar entitled :
“Decomposition of lignocellulose by the chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) system in brown rot fungi, and the role these fungi play in carbon sequestration and cycling ”
the 27th May at Champenoux at 13h30 in the conference room
Barry Goodell is invited by the Lorraine University (IAM and LERMAB) this scientific stay is also supported by ARBRE.
Abstract: Goodell – Decay Mechanisms -Carbon Cycling- LabEx ARBRE Abstract
The PhD defense of T. Payen will be held the 4th May at 1pm in the conference room of the INRA Center at Champenoux.
Title: “Contribution à l’étude de l’évolution des génomes de champignons ectomycorhiziens du genre Tuber (Pézizomycètes) par génomique comparative”
Truffles are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, belonging to Tuber genus in the Pezizomycete Class, that form symbiotic associations with numerous trees and shrubs. The Pezizomycetes constitute an early diverging lineage of Ascomycota composed of saprophytic, mycorrhizal and pathogenic species. Some Pezizomycetes, such as truffles and morels,are widely recognized by scientist and lay-person alike. Despite their importance, the genomic structure and evolution within the Pezizomycetes is largely unknown. The aims of my thesis were to characterize the structure and the evolution of the truffle and other Pezizomycete genomes. A comparative analysis performed using eight Pezizomycete fungi, among them three truffles, showed that the genome of truffles has evolved by a size expansion, mainly due to gypsy retrotransposons, in the common ancestor of Tuberaceae about 150 Mya. Then, a loss of the number of gene models, such as plant cell wall degrading enzymes occurred in the common ancesto! r of Tuber spp about 100 Mya. This study provides new insights into the evolution of the truffles, and ECM symbiosis in general, and highlights cases of divergence and convergence between Basidiomycota and truffle symbiotic species. A comparative analysis in T. melanosporum allowed characterizing a resource of more than 400,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. This population genomic analysis allowed identifying candidate genomic regions with trace of selection. Finally, a more detailed characterization of T. melanosporum gypsy retrotransposons showed that the major invasive waves are old, but that more recently some elements have moved suggesting that retrotransposons continue to play an important role in the evolution of the truffle genome.
Keywords: Tuber melanosporum, truffles, Pezizomycete, bioinformatic, comparative genomic
Announcement of a redox symposium that will be held in Nancy on 18./19. May (organized by J. Herrmann, JP Jacquot and N. Rouhier)
Arnaud Le Rouzic (CNRS, génomes Comportement, Ecologie de Gif sur Yvette) will give a seminar entitled :« Amplification dynamics of transposable elements » Tuesday 28 april at 1.30 pm in LEGF room.
Sébastien Duplessis (UMR 1136) will present us the last research on Melampsora genomics in a seminar entitled “Update on Melampsora genomics projects: towards identification of candidate effectors in an obligate biotrophic plant pathogène » at 1.30 pm in LEGF room.
Ce vendredi 17 avril Sébastien Duplessis (UMR 1136) nous présentera ces dernières recherches sur la génomique de Melampsora lors d’un séminaire intitulé “Update on Melampsora genomics projects: towards identification of candidate effectors in an obligate biotrophic plant pathogène » qui se déroulera dans la salle LEGF à 13h30.
Hommage aux victimes de l’attentat contre Charlie Hebdo. Toutes nos pensées vont aux familles et proches.
The PhD defense of T. Roret will be held the 28th November 2014 at 2pm in Amphitheater 7, Faculté des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre
Title: “Caractérisation structurale d’états oligomériques de protéines impliquées dans l’homéostasie du fer : les protéines BolA et les glutarédoxines. »
The seminar of Benoît Marçais (IAM) entitled « « Long term impact of Phytophtora alni on a riparian alder population » » will be held Friday 28th November .The seminar will start at 13h30 in the LGEF meeting room.
The GFPF seminar (Groupe Francophone de Pathologie Forestière) was held recently for three days in Hendaye from 14-16 October 2014
Jointly organized by the Département de la Santé des Forêts (DSF-MAAF) and the UMR IAM and partially funded by grants from Labex ARBRE, the seminar gathered 38 participants, mostly from DSF, INRA Bordeaux and INRA Nancy-Lorraine, including 10 scientists or technicians from the UMR IAM. Fourteen presentations were given, including six by IAM team members, about recent results on the epidemiology of the major pathosystems currently being studied: Poplar rust, Alder Phytophthora and Ash Dieback.
The seminar’s major focus was on the introduction of emerging diseases, such as Ash dieback, ink diseases (on oaks and chestnuts) due to Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pitch Canker, a new disease on Pines caused by Gibberella circinata. This fungus is common in North America where it causes canker and necrosis on twigs, branches, trunks and roots of many pine species. It was introduced in Europe in the 1990s and is now well established in northern Spain. Aside from a few cases that appeared in the early 2000s, the disease has not yet spread to France. The GFPF meeting also included field tours of forests in Spain to visit infected areas to better understand the disease symptoms and the host range. Discussions also addressed the risk of Pitch Canker spreading to France, particularly to southwestern France where the climate would favor establishment of this disease and where the presence of susceptible species is particularly dense.
Claude Husson, GFPF coordinator
Photo : Visit of a pine forest in Spain with presence of Pitch canker caused by Gibberella circinata
A more detailed report (in French) is available on the DSF website.
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Le séminaire bisannuel du GFPF (Groupe Francophone de Pathologie Forestière) s’est déroulé à Hendaye du 13 au 16 octobre 2014
Organisé conjointement par le Département de la Santé des Forêts (DSF-MAAF) et l’UMR IAM avec un cofinancement du Labex ARBRE, ce séminaire a rassemblé trente-huit participants, provenant essentiellement du DSF, de l’INRA Bordeaux et de l’INRA Nancy-Lorraine, dont 10 agents (permanents ou non) de l’UMR IAM. Les sessions en salle (1 journée) ont permis à l’UMR IAM de diffuser leurs derniers résultats sur l’épidémiologie des principaux pathosystèmes abordés dans l’Unité (6 présentations orales) : la rouille du Peuplier, le Phytophthora de l’Aulne et la chalarose du Frêne.
Cette année, le séminaire était principalement axé sur les maladies émergentes d’origine exotique, comme la chalarose, l’encre du chêne et du châtaignier due à Phytophthora cinnamomi et surtout le Pitch Canker, une maladie sur Pin causée par Gibberella circinata. Ce champignon commun en Amérique du Nord et qui provoque des dégâts sur rameaux, branches, troncs et racines sur de nombreuses espèces de Pin et sur Douglas a été introduit en Europe à la fin des années 1990. Il est aujourd’hui bien implanté en Espagne et notamment dans le pays basque espagnol. En France, malgré quelques rares mentions au début des années 2000, la maladie ne s’est jusqu’à présent pas développée. Des visites de terrain en Espagne ont permis aux participants de se familiariser avec les symptômes de la maladie et de débattre sur le risque Pitch Canker en France, notamment dans le sud-ouest où le climat semble favorable et où la densité de plantations d’espèces sensibles est très élevée.
Claude Husson, animateur du GFPF
Un compte-rendu plus détaillé est disponible sur le site du DSF.
Photo : Visite d’une pinède en Espagne avec présence de Pitch canker causé par Gibberella circinata
